calculus vocabulary P25

phenomenon
{noun}
plural phenomena [countable]

• something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand

phenomenon of
the growing phenomenon of telecommuting
Homelessness is not a new phenomenon.
natural/historical/social etc phenomenon
Language is a social and cultural phenomenon.

• something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality or ability that they have

reaction
{noun}

• to a situation/event [uncountable and countable] something that you feel or do because of something that has happened or been said [↪ response]:

What was Jeff's reaction when you told him about the job?
reaction to
the government's reaction to the fuel crisis
bring/provoke/produce a reaction
The news brought an angry reaction from unions.
somebody's first/immediate reaction
His first reaction was to deny everything.
instinctive/gut reaction (=what you immediately feel before you have time to think)
My gut reaction was not to trust him.
There were mixed reactions (=different people reacting in different ways) to the strike.
in reaction to something
An emergency fund was set up in reaction to the famine.

• moving quickly reactions [plural] your ability to move quickly when something dangerous happens suddenly:

a skilled driver with very quick reactions

• to food/drugs [countable] if you have a reaction to a drug or to something you have eaten, it makes you ill

reaction to
a reaction to the immunization
have/suffer a reaction
She had a severe allergic reaction to the drug.
cause/bring on/trigger a reaction
Certain foods are more likely than others to cause allergic reactions.

• science [uncountable and countable]

a) a chemical change that happens when two or more substances are mixed together:
a chemical reaction in the soil
b) a physical force that is the result of an equally strong physical force in the opposite direction

• change [singular] a change in people's attitudes, behaviour, fashions etc that happens because they disapprove of the way in which things were done in the past

reaction against
a reaction against the traditional values of the nineteenth century

• against change [uncountable] [formal] strong and unreasonable opposition to all social and political changes:

The revolutionary movement was crushed by the forces of reaction.
➔ chain reaction

expectancy
{noun}

• [uncountable]the feeling that something pleasant or exciting is going to happen:

I saw the look of expectancy in the children's eyes.
➔ life expectancy

emission
{noun}

• [countable usually plural] a gas or other substance that is sent into the air:

Britain agreed to cut emissions of nitrogen oxide from power stations.

• [uncountable] the act of sending out light, heat, gas etc

reduction
{noun}

• [uncountable and countable] a decrease in the size, price, or amount of something, or the act of decreasing something:

strategies for noise reduction
reduction in
a slight reduction in the price of oil
reduction of
the reduction of interest rates
reduction on
substantial reductions on children's clothes
The company promised they would make no staff reductions for at least two years.


modelling
{noun}
British English ; modeling American English [uncountable]

• the work of a fashion model:

a career in modelling

• the process of making a scientific or computer model of something to show how it works or to understand it better

modelling of
computer modelling of the system
economic modelling

• the activity of making models of objects

tractable
{adjective}

• [formal]easy to control or deal with [≠ intractable]:

The issues have proved to be less tractable than expected.
—tractability {noun} [uncountable]

suitable
{adjective}

• having the right qualities for a particular person, purpose, or situation [≠ unsuitable]:

We are hoping to find a suitable school.
suitable for
The house is not really suitable for a large family.
suitable place/time etc to do something
a suitable place to rear young children
suitable to use/be shown etc
These crayons are not suitable to use in very hot weather.


formulate
{verb}
[transitive]

• to develop something such as a plan or a set of rules, and decide all the details of how it will be done

formulate a policy/plan/strategy etc
He formulated Labour Party education policy in 1922.
formulate an idea/theory
Darwin formulated the theory of natural selection.

• to think carefully about what to say, and say it clearly:

We are studying the situation but have not formulated any response yet.
—formulation {noun} [uncountable and countable]
the formulation of clear objectives

conclusion
{noun}

• [countable] something you decide after considering all the information you have [↪ conclude]

These are the report's main conclusions.
conclusion (that)
I soon came to the conclusion that she was lying.
It is still too early to reach a conclusion on this point.
There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.
All the evidence pointed to the conclusion that he was guilty.
It's important not to jump to conclusions.
The police came to the inescapable conclusion that the children had been murdered.

• [countable] [formal] the end or final part of something [= end]

conclusion of

At the conclusion of the meeting, little progress had been made.

• in conclusion used in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what you are saying [= finally]:

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

• [uncountable] the final arrangement of an agreement, a business deal etc

conclusion of
the conclusion of a peace treaty

• be a foregone conclusion to be certain to happen, even though it has not yet officially happened:

The outcome of the battle was a foregone conclusion.

stage
{noun}
time/state [countable] a particular time or state that something reaches as it grows or develops [↪ phase, step]
stage of/in
the early stages of a child's development
at a crucial stage in the race

• part of process [countable] one of the parts which something such as a competition or process is divided into

stage of
The team reached the semi-final stage of the competition.
stage 2/6 etc
We're now reaching the end of stage 3 of the construction.

The next stage is to complete an application form.

in stages
The rest of the money will be paid in stages (=a small amount at a time).
theatre [countable] the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform [↪ backstage]
on stage
She is on stage for most of the play.
She appeared on stage with George Michael.

• acting the stage acting as a profession, especially in theatres:

I wanted to go on the stage (=become an actor).
stars of stage and screen (=theatre and cinema)

• centre stage if someone or something is centre stage, it has everyone's attention, or is very important:

Anne's sculpture took centre stage at the show.
The UN has moved to the centre stage of world politics.
place [singular] a place or area of activity where something important happens
on the world/international/political etc stage
He's an experienced campaigner on the world stage.
important figures on the European political stage
stage for
Geneva has been the stage for many such conferences.

• set the stage for something to prepare for something or make something possible:

Will this agreement merely set the stage for another war?
➔ landing stage